Investigation of the association between oral sodium phosphate use and kidney injury

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis—a life-threatening condition treated successfully with adhesiolysis and Jones tube insertion Sir, Encapsulating sclerosing peritonitis, a life-threatening abdominal disease, is characterized by the formation of multiple fibrous adhesions. This leads to a 'cocoon' of fibrous tissue, encapsulating either the small or whole bowel— causing intestinal obstruction. It was first recognized as a complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in 1980 [1], where it usually presents as small bowel obstruction, ascites or ultrafiltration failure. It is thought to be related to both duration of catheter use and peritoneal membrane transport characteristics, being more common in 'fast transporters' [2]. Convincing evidence of cure has come only from adhesiolysis, which releases the fibrous adhesions [1]. Intraluminal stenting after adhesioly-sis for small bowel obstruction was first described by White in 1956. Despite the technique being modified by Munro and Jones in 1978 [3], it has never gained widespread popularity in the UK. The major complication of surgery is a high recurrence rate. In one series, 11/47 patients (23.4%) experienced recurrence, 10 undergoing a second operation, and 4 requiring a third operation [4]. The mortality is uncertain , with a wide range reported (2–56%). The rationale for our technique was to further reduce mortality and recurrence rate, and provide an alternative to drug treatments (e.g. immunosuppression) whose side effects carry considerable morbidity. A 69-year-old woman, on PD for 10 years for ERF, was converted to haemodialysis in January 2003 due to recurrent peritonitis. In June 2003, she presented with recurrent ascites. An abdominal CT scan (below) suggested multiple encapsulating loculated collections in the abdomen. TPN was given for 6 weeks before surgical intervention. In September 2003, a laparotomy revealed encysted dense adhesions and a large pseudocyst in the pelvis entrapping the bowel. The adhesions were released and a Jones tube was placed through the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. A Jones tube is a 3 m (18 gauge) tube with side perforations and a balloon at the distal end. During surgery, the tube was advanced via the nasogastric route through the entire length of the bowel and the distal end came out of the rectum. The balloon was inflated and the small bowel arranged in orderly fashion, so that even if fibrosis did occur, the bowel did not get entrapped. This was left in situ for 1 week, with TPN and haemodialysis continuing. She was discharged 7 months later and is currently well …